The new Criminology under chaos theory
Abstract We argue that criminology is not the study of a type of human beings, the criminals, furthermore, it is the study of human behavior according to correlatives social facts. As a consequence, it is a patchwork of fields, It is necessary a multidisciplinary approach, a broad knowledge-base in psychology, sociology, psychiatry, statistic, law, philosophy, economy, Urbanism, computer science, and biology, etc. The criminology try to find out the reasons why people commit crimes, why some individuals in a particular place and in a particular time commit offences. But the real meaning of this is to understand why a person behaves in a particular way. It is not easy to answer to that question. We try to explain why the rates of crime depend on some variables as wealth, age, gender, ethnicity, race, and so on. Also, the criminology wants to know why some societies make some acts crimes and what can be done to prevent crimes and how can we manipulate the variables that influence to stop offenders from committing crimes. Therefor, the main question is to understand the human behavior into societies, but this target it’s so difficult to find out answer that we need to incorporate to this methanalysis the theory of chaos, in order to try to avoid a reductionism categorical study. The prognosis of future human behavior is so hard-to-predict that should be regarded as a complex system. The unpredictability of complex systems requires new theories such as the «butterfly effect» and and also to transverse scientific approaches that reject the rigid scientific categories.
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Wrangham, Richard y Peterson, Dale. 1998: «Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence». Politics and the Life Sciences, 1998, vol. 17, n.º 1.
Young, Jock. 1970: «Los guardianes del zoológico de la desviación», 1970.
Bartollas, Clemens. 2000: Juvenile Delinquency. 5.ª ed. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Becker, Howard. 2009: Outsiders. Hacia una Sociología de la Desviación. Buenos Aires: Siglo xxi Editores.
Brown, John Seely; Collins, Allan y Duguid, Paul. 1989: «Situated Cognition and the Culture of Learning». Educational Researcher, 1989, vol. 18, n.º 1.
Coccaro, Emil F.; McCloskey, Michael S.; Fitzgerald, Daniel A. y Phan, K. Luan. 2007: «Amygdala and orbitofrontal ractivity to social threat in individuals with impulsive aggression». Biological Psychiatry, 2007, vol. 62, n.º 2.
Dal Forno, Arianna y Merlone, Ugo. 2013: «Chaotic Dynamics in Organization Theory». En Gian Italo Bischi, Carl Chiarella e Irina Shusko (coords.): Global Analysis of Dynamic Models in Economics and Finance. Springer-Verlag.
Damasio, Antonio. 2000: The Feeling Of What Happens: Body, Emotion and the Making of Consciousness. Nueva York: Harcourt Brace.
Farrington, David P.; Ohlin, Lloyd E. y Wilson, James Q. 1986: Understanding and Controlling Crime. Toward a New Research Strategy. Nueva York: Springer-Verlag.
Feldman, David P. 2012: Chaos and Fractals: An Elementary Introduction. Oxford University Press.
Garrido Genovés, Vicente y López Latorre, María Jesús. 1995: La prevención de la delincuencia: el enfoque de la competencia social. Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch.
Goffman, Erving. 1959: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Nueva York: Anchor Books Doubleday.
Herrero Herrero, César. 1997: Criminología, Parte General. Madrid: Ed. Dykinson.
Hirschi, Travis. 1969: Causes of delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Hübler, Alfred Wilhem. 1989: «Adaptive control of chaotic systems». Swiss Physical Society, Helvetica Physica Acta, 1989, vol. 62, n.º 2/3.
Humboldt, Wilhelm. 1990: Sobre la diversidad de la estructura del lenguaje humano y su influencia sobre el desarrollo espiritual de la humanidad. Barcelona: Anthropos.
Landecho, Carlos M. 1967: «Etiología de la predisposición al delito». Anuario de Derecho Penal y las Ciencias Penales, enero-agosto 1967, tomo xx, fasc. i y ii.
Lilly, J. Robert; Cullen, Francis T. y Ball, Richard A. 1995: Criminological Theory. Context and consequences. California: Sage Publications.
Matza, David. [1969] 1981: El Proceso de Desviación. Madrid: Taurus.
McCloskey, Michael S.; New, Antonia S.; Siever, Larry J.; Goodman, Marianne; Koenigsberg, Harold W.; Flory, Janine D. y Coccaro, Emil F. 2009: «Evaluation of behavioral impulsivity and aggression tasks as endophenotypes for borderline personality disorder». Journal of Psychiatric Research, 2009, vol. 43, n.º 12: 1036-1048.
Nash, John Forbes. 1950: «Equilibrium Points in N-person Games». Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1950, vol. 36.
Pankaj, Mehta. «El resurgimiento del determinismo biológico en la era neoliberal», http://www.sinpermiso.info/textos/el-resurgimiento-del-determinismo-biolgico-en-la-era-neoliberal, última visita: 6-9-2017.
Pryor, Robert G. L.; Aniundson, Norman E. y Bright, Jim E. H. 2008: «Probabilities and Possibilities: The Strategic Counseling Implications of the Chaos Theory of Careers». The Career Development Quarterly, junio de 2008, vol. 56.
Sapolsky, Roberto. «La biologia de nuestro peor y mejor yo», https://www.ted.com/talks/robert_sapolsky_the_biology_of_our_best_and_worst_selves/transcript?language=es (3-9-2017).
Searle, John R. 2005: Libertad y Neurobiología. Reflexiones sobre el libre albedrío, el lenguaje y el poder político. Barcelona: Paidós Ibérica.
Seo, Dongju y Patrick, Christopher J. 2008: «Role of Serotonin and Dopamine System Interactions in the Neurobiology of Impulsive Aggression and its Comorbidity with other Clinical Disorders». Aggress Violent Behaviour, 2008, vol. 13, n.º 5.
Serrano Gómez, Alfonso. 1976: «Centenario de L’uomo delinquente». Anuario de Derecho Penal y Ciencias Penales, septiembre-diciembre, 1976, tomo xxix, fasc. iii.
Sheldon, William. 1949: Varieties of delinquent youth. Nueva York: Harper and Brothers.
Sutherland, Edwin. 2011: «Una exposición de la teoría» (1947). Delito y sociedad. Revista de Ciencias Sociales, Santa Fe, 2011, n.º 31.
Villavicencio Terreros, Felipe. 2000: Introducción a la Criminología. Lima: Grijley.
Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1995: Sobre la certeza. Barcelona: Gedisa, 559.
Wrangham, Richard y Peterson, Dale. 1998: «Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence». Politics and the Life Sciences, 1998, vol. 17, n.º 1.
Young, Jock. 1970: «Los guardianes del zoológico de la desviación», 1970.
Rodríguez Magariños, F. G. (2017). The new Criminology under chaos theory. AIS: Ars Iuris Salmanticensis, 5(2), 59–85. Retrieved from https://revistas.usal.es/cuatro/index.php/ais/article/view/18013
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