The Application of Bioforensic Sciences to Bioterrorism and Biocrime Research
Abstract In recent years, molecular biology techniques have experienced enormous progress in all their fields. As a result, the capabilities of qualitative, quantitative and processing time analysis have been greatly improved, especially with the application of data processing software. These advances can greatly help in the work of Forensic Science and in particular in Bioforensics. Knowledge of these disciplines and techniques and what they can contribute to the investigations into bioterrorism or biocriminal crimes, establishes a great tool for police officers dedicated to investigation, especially for those that make expert reports. This knowledge becomes more important in the case of terrorist crimes where police response time can be the key to saving lives. In this work, the latest existing techniques are presented, demonstrating with the data published in scientific research the great possibilities they offer.
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Orden PCI/1381/2018, de 18 de diciembre, por la que se regula la Red de Laboratorios de Alerta Biológica “Re-Lab”.
Real Decreto de 1882. Por el que se Aprueba la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal, 14 de septiembre de 1882.
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Zheng, Y., Qiu, X., Wang, T. y Zhang J. (2021). The Diagnostic Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol., 11, 694756. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.694756
Budowle, B., Murch, R. y Chakraborty, R. (2005). Microbial forensics: the next forensic challenge. Int J Legal Med., 119(6), 317-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-005-0535-y
Escuela de Guerra del Ejército (2022). Manual Curso Riesgos NBQ.
Goodwin, S., McPherson, J. D. y McCombie, W. R. (2016). Coming of age: ten years of next-generation sequencing technologies. Nat Rev Genet., 17(6), 333-351. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg.2016.49
Gupta, N. y Verma, V. K. (2019). Next-Generation Sequencing and Its Application: Empowering in Public Health Beyond Reality. Sp Nat Sing, 313-341. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8844-6_15
Hyytiä-Trees, E. K., Cooper, K., Ribot, E. M. y Gerner-Smidt, P. (2007). Recent developments and future prospects in subtyping of foodborne bacterial pathogens. Future Microbiol., 2(2), 175-85. https://doi.org/10.2217/17460913.2.2.175
Ley Orgánica 2/1986, de 13 de marzo, de Fuerzas y Cuerpos de Seguridad.
Medical Management of Biological Casualties Handbook (2014). USAMRIID’S. 8th edition.
Merkley, E., Kaiser, B., Wunschel, D. y Wahl, K. (2020). Proteomics for Bioforensics. Microbial Forensics (pp. 251-264). 3th edition. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-815379-6.00017-9
Merkley, E. D., Sego, L. H., Lin, A., Leiser, O. P., Kaiser, B. L. D., Adkins, J. N., Keim, P. S., Wagner, D. M. y Kreuzer, H. W. (2017). Protein abundances can distinguish between naturally-occurring and laboratory strains of Yersinia pestis, the causative agent of plague. PLoS One, 12(8), e0183478. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183478
Mintz, Y. y Brodie, R. (2019). Introduction to artificial intelligence in medicine. Minim Invasive Ther Allied Technology, 28, 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645706.2019.1575882
Mishra, A., Khan, S. y Das, A. (2023). Evolution of Diagnostic and Forensic Microbiology in the Era of Artificial Intelligence. Cureus, 15(9), e45738. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.45738
National Research Council (2011). Review or the Scientific Approaches Used During the FBI’s Investigation of the 2001 Anthrax Letters. https://doi.org/10.17226/13098
Oliveira, M., Mason-Buck, G., Ballard, D., Branicki, W. y Amorim, A. (2020). Biowarfare, bioterrorism and biocrime: A historical overview on microbial harmful applications. Forensic Sci Int., 314, 110366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110366
Orden PCI/1381/2018, de 18 de diciembre, por la que se regula la Red de Laboratorios de Alerta Biológica “Re-Lab”.
Real Decreto de 1882. Por el que se Aprueba la Ley de Enjuiciamiento Criminal, 14 de septiembre de 1882.
Real Decreto 664/1997, de 12 de mayo, sobre la protección de los trabajadores contra los riesgos relacionados con la exposición de agentes biológicos durante el trabajo.
Rhoads, D. D. (2021). Computer vision and artificial intelligence are emerging diagnostic tools for the clinical microbiologist. J Clin Microbiol, 58. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00511-20
Satam, H., Joshi, K., Mangrolia, U., Waghoo, S., Zaidi, G., Rawool, S., Thakare, R. P., Banday, S., Mishra, A. K., Das, G. y Malonia, S. K. (2023). Next-Generation Sequencing Technology: Current Trends and Advancements. Biology, 12, 997. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12070997
Schmedes, S. y Budowle, B. (2009). Microbial Forensics. En Encyclopedia of Microbiology (pp. 22-34). 4th edition. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.02483-1
Schmedes, S. E., Sajantila, A. y Budowle, B. (2016). Expansion of Microbial Forensics. J. Clin Microbiol., 54(8), 1964-1974. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00046-16
Zheng, Y., Qiu, X., Wang, T. y Zhang J. (2021). The Diagnostic Value of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing in Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol., 11, 694756. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.694756
Ordoño Ballesteros, D. J. (2024). The Application of Bioforensic Sciences to Bioterrorism and Biocrime Research. Ciencia Policial, 182, 145–172. https://doi.org/10.14201/cp.31804
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