Entre redes digitales y discursos de élite: determinantes de la confianza en órganos electorales en América Latina
Resumen
¿Por qué algunas personas desconfían de los órganos electorales incluso cuando sus candidatos resultan ganadores? La literatura sobre confianza institucional ha ofrecido explicaciones desde dos frentes: el político —considerando el desempeño institucional, la configuración formal de los órganos y los ataques de las élites— y el mediático—enfocado en el papel de las fuentes informativas y de las redes digitales como potenciales promotoras de radicalización. Sin embargo, estas perspectivas rara vez se articulan en un mismo marco analítico. Este artículo estudia los determinantes de la confianza en los órganos electorales en América Latina utilizando datos del Latinobarómetro 2024. Los resultados muestran que cuando los presidentes critican públicamente a las autoridades electorales la desconfianza en estas aumenta de forma significativa entre quienes desconfían de los medios tradicionales, lo que revela un efecto condicionado por los patrones de consumo y confianza informativa. Los resultados subrayan la importancia de considerar simultáneamente características individuales, estrategias políticas y dinámicas mediáticas en un entorno crecientemente digitalizado para comprender las variaciones en la confianza en las instituciones electorales.
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