Nephrotoxicity biomarkers able to identify oncological patients at risk of developing kidney damage
Abstract
Cisplatin and carboplatin are very used drugs for the treatment of solid tumours. However, their efficacy is limited by their nephrotoxicity. It is known that 25-30% of the patients that have been exposed to these treatments will end up developing acute kidney injury (AKI). Nowadays, for the clinical diagnosis of AKI some biomarkers are used, such as plasma creatinine and urea, which are not very sensitive and specific. The aim of this work is focused on searching some urinary biomarkers able to predict the occurrence of a possible kidney damage even before starting the treatment, being able to classify the patients according to their severity, to predict the evolution of kidney function and to carry out a more adapted treatment for every patient.
A clinical study was carried out with voluntary patients from the Oncology Service of the University Hospital of Salamanca. The studied biomarkers were proteinuria, N-acetil-?-glucosamidinase (NAG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and albumin. The quantification of these proteins in urine was performed by colorimetric methods and ELISA.
It was evidenced that the levels of the biomarkers in the basal time and in the one before the maximum kidney damage are practically the same, what indicates that these levels do not vary during the chemotherapy cycle. Moreover, they could indicate, before starting the treatment, that kidney damage is going to happen. These biomarkers would be a great advantage in determining, before undergoing the first chemotherapy cycle, whether a patient will suffer kidney complications.
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