Vestibular migraine in childhood. An update
Abstract Introduction and objective: The association of vestibular symptoms in patients with migraine is more frequent than in the general population. In childhood, one of the most common causes of dizziness is vestibular migraine, which due to its variety of symptoms is often the object of study by various specialties. The purpose of this article is to perform a bibliographic review that allows us to familiarize ourselves with this pathology. Method: A bibliographic review of the articles published in the main databases ((PubMed) Medline, UpToDate, Elsevier, Cochrane Library, Science Direct) was conducted, selecting the most relevant articles according to type of study and year of publication. Results: Vestibular migraine is a diagnosis to consider in the evaluation of the pediatric patient, given its prevalence and the spectrum of differential diagnosis to which it belongs. Discussion: Vestibular migraine in childhood has an unknown prevalence and is defined by the presence of headache with migraine characteristics, accompanied by vestibular symptoms, before, during or after the migraine attack. Its diagnosis is made using the new diagnostic criteria published by the ICVD (International Classification of Vestibular Disorders) in 2021 and does not require other tests for its diagnosis. So far, there is no specific treatment, and the existing one is based on the control of the symptoms of the migraine attack. Conclusions: One of the most frequent causes of dizziness in children is vestibular migraine, which, as of 2021, has its own diagnostic criteria, together with a spectrum of diseases with which a differential diagnosis must be made. Despite the studies conducted, there is no standardized treatment for this pathology.
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Lee JD, Kim CH, Hong SM, Kim SH, Suh MW, Kim MB, et al. Prevalence of vestibular and balance disorders in children and adolescents according to age: A multi-center study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2017;94:36-9.
Fancello V, Palma S, Monzani D, Pelucchi S, Genovese E, Ciorba A. Vertigo and Dizziness in Children: An Update. Children. 2021;8(11):1025.
Basser LS. Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood: a variety of vestibular neuronitis. Brain. 1964;87(1):141-52.
Brodsky JR, Cusick BA, Zhou G. Evaluation and management of vestibular migraine in children: Experience from a pediatric vestibular clinic. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2016;20(1):85-92.
Batuecas-Caletrío Á, Martín-Sánchez V, Cordero-Civantos C, Guardado-Sánchez L, Marcos MR, Fabián AH, et al. Is Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood a migraine precursor? Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2013;17(4):397-400.
Van De Berg R, Widdershoven J, Bisdorff A, Evers S, Wiener-Vacher S, Cushing SL, et al. Vestibular migraine and recurrent vertigo of childhood: Diagnostic criteria consensus document of the Classification Committee of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society. J Vestib Res. 2021;31(1):1-9.
Huppert D, Brandt T. Descriptions of vestibular migraine and Menière’s disease in Greek and Chinese antiquity. Cephalalgia. 2017;37(4):385-90.
Kayan A, Hood JD. Neuro-otological manifestations of migraine. Brain. 1984;107(4):1123-42.
Langhagen T, Landgraf MN, Huppert D, Heinen F, Jahn K. Vestibular Migraine in Children and Adolescents. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2016;20(12):67.
Dieterich M, Obermann M, Celebisoy N. Vestibular migraine: the most frequent entity of episodic vertigo. J Neurol. 2016;263(S1):82-9.
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1-211.
Davitt M, Delvecchio MT, Aronoff SC. The Differential Diagnosis of Vertigo in Children: A Systematic Review of 2726 Cases. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020;36(8):368-371.
Gioacchini FM, Alicandri-Ciufelli M, Kaleci S, Magliulo G, Re M. Prevalence and diagnosis of vestibular disorders in children: A review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78(5):718-24.
Lima AF, Moreira FC, Menezes AS, Costa IE, Azevedo C, Vilarinho S, et al. Patologia Vestibular em Idade Pediátrica: Análise Retrospetiva e Revisão da Literatura. Acta Médica Port. 2021;34(6):428-34.
Lagman-Bartolome AM, Lay C. Pediatric Migraine Variants: A Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015;15(34)
Casani AP, Dallan I, Navari E, Sellari Franceschini S, Cerchiai N. Vertigo in childhood: proposal for a diagnostic algorithm based upon clinical experience. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital Organo Uff Della Soc Ital Otorinolaringol E Chir Cerv-facc. 2015;35(3):180-5.
Chakravarty A, Mukherjee A, Roy D. Migraine pain location: how do children differ from adults? J Headache Pain. 2008;9(6):375-9.
Marcelli V, Furia T, Marciano E. Vestibular Pathways Involvement in Children With Migraine: A Neuro-Otological Study. Headache J Head Face Pain. 2010;50(1):71-6.
Lempert T, Olesen J, Furman J, Waterston J, Seemungal B, Carey J, et al. Vestibular migraine: Diagnostic criteria. J Vestib Res. 2012;22(4):167-72.
Zhang Q, Wu Q, Chen J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Liu S, et al. Characteristics of vestibular migraine, probable vestibular migraine, and recurrent vertigo of childhood in caloric and video head impulse tests. Front Neurol. 2022;13:1050282.
Zhang F, Shen J, Zhu Q, Wang L, Ma X, He B, et al. Evaluating children with vestibular migraine through vestibular test battery: A cross-sectional investigation. Front Neurol. 31 de octubre de 2022;13:997217.
O’Reilly R, Morlet T, Pazuniak M, Greywood J, Levi J. Vestibular and balance testing in childhood migraine. The Laryngoscope. 2012;122(S4):S93-4.
Brodsky JR, Lipson S, Bhattacharyya N. Prevalence of Pediatric Dizziness and Imbalance in the United States. Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2020;162(2):241-7.
Jahn K, Langhagen T, Schroeder AS, Heinen F. Vertigo and Dizziness in Childhood − Update on Diagnosis and Treatment. Neuropediatrics. 2011;42(04):129-34.
Dunker K, Schnabel L, Grill E, Filippopulos FM, Huppert D. Recurrent Vertigo of Childhood: Clinical features and prognosis. Front Neurol. 2022;13:1022395.
Álvarez N, Acero AG, Diéguez IM. Protocolos diagnósticos y terapéuticos de Neurología Pediátrica. Asociación Española de Pediatría. Cefalea en el niño y el adolescente. 2022;1:115-124
Damen L, Bruijn J, Koes B, Berger M, Passchier J, Verhagen A. Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine in Children. Part 1. A Systematic Review of non-Pharmacological Trials. Cephalalgia. 2006;26(4):373-83.
Barbanti P, Grazzi L, Egeo G. Pharmacotherapy for acute migraines in children and adolescents. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2019;20(4):455-63.
Oskoui M, Pringsheim T, Holler-Managan Y, Potrebic S, Billinghurst L, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: Acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Neurology. 2019;93(11):487-99.
Richer L, Billinghurst L, Linsdell MA, Russell K, Vandermeer B, Crumley ET, et al. Drugs for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2016 [citado 7 de julio de 2023];2016(4). Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD005220.pub2
Webster KE, Dor A, Galbraith K, Haj Kassem L, Harrington-Benton NA, Judd O, et al. Pharmacological interventions for acute attacks of vestibular migraine. Cochrane ENT Group, editor. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2023 [citado 15 de julio de 2023];2023(4). Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD015322.pub2
Johnson A, Bickel J, Lebel A. Pediatric Migraine Prescription Patterns at a Large Academic Hospital. Pediatr Neurol. 2014;51(5):706-12.
Locher C, Kossowsky J, Koechlin H, Lam TL, Barthel J, Berde CB, et al. Efficacy, Safety, and Acceptability of Pharmacologic Treatments for Pediatric Migraine Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(4):341.
Hershey AD, Powers SW, Vockell ALB, LeCates S, Kabbouche MA, Maynard MK. PedMIDAS: Development of a questionnaire to assess disability of migraines in children. Neurology. 2001;57(11):2034-9.
Ralli G, Atturo F, De Filippis C. Idiopathic benign paroxysmal vertigo in children, a migraine precursor. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. diciembre de 2009;73:S16-8.
Balatsouras DG, Kaberos A, Assimakopoulos D, Katotomichelakis M, Economou NC, Korres SG. Etiology of vertigo in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007;71(3):487-94.
Li X, Liu Y, Lyu Y, Li Y, Jian H, Li X, et al. Sensory organization of balance control in children with vestibular migraine and recurrent vertigo of childhood. Front Neurol. 2022;13:970610.
Fancello V, Palma S, Monzani D, Pelucchi S, Genovese E, Ciorba A. Vertigo and Dizziness in Children: An Update. Children. 2021;8(11):1025.
Basser LS. Benign paroxysmal vertigo of childhood: a variety of vestibular neuronitis. Brain. 1964;87(1):141-52.
Brodsky JR, Cusick BA, Zhou G. Evaluation and management of vestibular migraine in children: Experience from a pediatric vestibular clinic. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2016;20(1):85-92.
Batuecas-Caletrío Á, Martín-Sánchez V, Cordero-Civantos C, Guardado-Sánchez L, Marcos MR, Fabián AH, et al. Is Benign Paroxysmal Vertigo of Childhood a migraine precursor? Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2013;17(4):397-400.
Van De Berg R, Widdershoven J, Bisdorff A, Evers S, Wiener-Vacher S, Cushing SL, et al. Vestibular migraine and recurrent vertigo of childhood: Diagnostic criteria consensus document of the Classification Committee of Vestibular Disorders of the Bárány Society and the International Headache Society. J Vestib Res. 2021;31(1):1-9.
Huppert D, Brandt T. Descriptions of vestibular migraine and Menière’s disease in Greek and Chinese antiquity. Cephalalgia. 2017;37(4):385-90.
Kayan A, Hood JD. Neuro-otological manifestations of migraine. Brain. 1984;107(4):1123-42.
Langhagen T, Landgraf MN, Huppert D, Heinen F, Jahn K. Vestibular Migraine in Children and Adolescents. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2016;20(12):67.
Dieterich M, Obermann M, Celebisoy N. Vestibular migraine: the most frequent entity of episodic vertigo. J Neurol. 2016;263(S1):82-9.
Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS) The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition. Cephalalgia. 2018;38(1):1-211.
Davitt M, Delvecchio MT, Aronoff SC. The Differential Diagnosis of Vertigo in Children: A Systematic Review of 2726 Cases. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2020;36(8):368-371.
Gioacchini FM, Alicandri-Ciufelli M, Kaleci S, Magliulo G, Re M. Prevalence and diagnosis of vestibular disorders in children: A review. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78(5):718-24.
Lima AF, Moreira FC, Menezes AS, Costa IE, Azevedo C, Vilarinho S, et al. Patologia Vestibular em Idade Pediátrica: Análise Retrospetiva e Revisão da Literatura. Acta Médica Port. 2021;34(6):428-34.
Lagman-Bartolome AM, Lay C. Pediatric Migraine Variants: A Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Outcome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015;15(34)
Casani AP, Dallan I, Navari E, Sellari Franceschini S, Cerchiai N. Vertigo in childhood: proposal for a diagnostic algorithm based upon clinical experience. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital Organo Uff Della Soc Ital Otorinolaringol E Chir Cerv-facc. 2015;35(3):180-5.
Chakravarty A, Mukherjee A, Roy D. Migraine pain location: how do children differ from adults? J Headache Pain. 2008;9(6):375-9.
Marcelli V, Furia T, Marciano E. Vestibular Pathways Involvement in Children With Migraine: A Neuro-Otological Study. Headache J Head Face Pain. 2010;50(1):71-6.
Lempert T, Olesen J, Furman J, Waterston J, Seemungal B, Carey J, et al. Vestibular migraine: Diagnostic criteria. J Vestib Res. 2012;22(4):167-72.
Zhang Q, Wu Q, Chen J, Wang X, Zhang Y, Liu S, et al. Characteristics of vestibular migraine, probable vestibular migraine, and recurrent vertigo of childhood in caloric and video head impulse tests. Front Neurol. 2022;13:1050282.
Zhang F, Shen J, Zhu Q, Wang L, Ma X, He B, et al. Evaluating children with vestibular migraine through vestibular test battery: A cross-sectional investigation. Front Neurol. 31 de octubre de 2022;13:997217.
O’Reilly R, Morlet T, Pazuniak M, Greywood J, Levi J. Vestibular and balance testing in childhood migraine. The Laryngoscope. 2012;122(S4):S93-4.
Brodsky JR, Lipson S, Bhattacharyya N. Prevalence of Pediatric Dizziness and Imbalance in the United States. Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2020;162(2):241-7.
Jahn K, Langhagen T, Schroeder AS, Heinen F. Vertigo and Dizziness in Childhood − Update on Diagnosis and Treatment. Neuropediatrics. 2011;42(04):129-34.
Dunker K, Schnabel L, Grill E, Filippopulos FM, Huppert D. Recurrent Vertigo of Childhood: Clinical features and prognosis. Front Neurol. 2022;13:1022395.
Álvarez N, Acero AG, Diéguez IM. Protocolos diagnósticos y terapéuticos de Neurología Pediátrica. Asociación Española de Pediatría. Cefalea en el niño y el adolescente. 2022;1:115-124
Damen L, Bruijn J, Koes B, Berger M, Passchier J, Verhagen A. Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine in Children. Part 1. A Systematic Review of non-Pharmacological Trials. Cephalalgia. 2006;26(4):373-83.
Barbanti P, Grazzi L, Egeo G. Pharmacotherapy for acute migraines in children and adolescents. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2019;20(4):455-63.
Oskoui M, Pringsheim T, Holler-Managan Y, Potrebic S, Billinghurst L, Gloss D, et al. Practice guideline update summary: Acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the American Headache Society. Neurology. 2019;93(11):487-99.
Richer L, Billinghurst L, Linsdell MA, Russell K, Vandermeer B, Crumley ET, et al. Drugs for the acute treatment of migraine in children and adolescents. Cochrane Pain, Palliative and Supportive Care Group. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2016 [citado 7 de julio de 2023];2016(4). Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD005220.pub2
Webster KE, Dor A, Galbraith K, Haj Kassem L, Harrington-Benton NA, Judd O, et al. Pharmacological interventions for acute attacks of vestibular migraine. Cochrane ENT Group, editor. Cochrane Database Syst Rev [Internet]. 2023 [citado 15 de julio de 2023];2023(4). Disponible en: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD015322.pub2
Johnson A, Bickel J, Lebel A. Pediatric Migraine Prescription Patterns at a Large Academic Hospital. Pediatr Neurol. 2014;51(5):706-12.
Locher C, Kossowsky J, Koechlin H, Lam TL, Barthel J, Berde CB, et al. Efficacy, Safety, and Acceptability of Pharmacologic Treatments for Pediatric Migraine Prophylaxis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr. 2020;174(4):341.
Hershey AD, Powers SW, Vockell ALB, LeCates S, Kabbouche MA, Maynard MK. PedMIDAS: Development of a questionnaire to assess disability of migraines in children. Neurology. 2001;57(11):2034-9.
Ralli G, Atturo F, De Filippis C. Idiopathic benign paroxysmal vertigo in children, a migraine precursor. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. diciembre de 2009;73:S16-8.
Balatsouras DG, Kaberos A, Assimakopoulos D, Katotomichelakis M, Economou NC, Korres SG. Etiology of vertigo in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2007;71(3):487-94.
Li X, Liu Y, Lyu Y, Li Y, Jian H, Li X, et al. Sensory organization of balance control in children with vestibular migraine and recurrent vertigo of childhood. Front Neurol. 2022;13:970610.
Sandoval-Pacheco, V., Lourido-Piedrahita, D., & San Román-Carbajo, J. (2023). Vestibular migraine in childhood. An update. Revista ORL, e31539. https://doi.org/10.14201/orl.31539
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