Carcinoma de paladar blando. Descripción de una serie de casos
Abstract Introduction and objective: To describe clinical and anatomical features, and surgical treatment including several techniques of reconstructive surgery of soft palate carci-nomas. Description: We conducted a retrospective study with 5 patients. All of them were diagnosed and treated in our department during 2018 and 2019. Discussion: We present our results and make a review on soft palate tumors pointing out anatomical details and most employed reconstructive surgical techniques for soft palate carci-noma´s removal. Conclusions: The incidence of oropharyngeal carcinoma is increas-ing world-wide essentially due to increasing prevalence of human papillomavirus. Soft palate carcinomas are typically HPV negative. Initially, soft palate tumors are silent, and we should suspect them to avoid late diagnosis. Transoral surgery devel-opment has promoted surgical treatment in these tumors and allows better manage-ment and need for adjuvant therapy. Reconstruction is mandatory when resection is over 50% of the soft palate.
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7. Jethwa AR, Khariwala SS. Tobacco-related carcinogenesis in head and neck cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2017 12;36(3):411–23. Disponible en: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10555-017-9689-6 [Citado el 23/6/2020]
8. Frandsen VL, Grønhøj Larsen C, von Buchwald C. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinomas of the soft palate: Table 1. J Clin Pathol. 2015; 68(11):942–3. Disponible en: http://jcp.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203081 [Citado el 25/6/2020]
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19. Beitler JJ, Quon H, Jones CU, Salama JK, Busse PM, Cooper JS, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® Locoregional therapy for resectable oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck. 2016;38(9):1299–309. [Citado el 24/6/2020]
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21. Shah S, Goldenberg D. Robotic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2014;5(2):e0014. [Citado el 25/6/2020]
22. Genden EM, Kotz T, Tong CCL, Smith C, Sikora AG, Teng MS, et al. Transoral Robotic Resection and Reconstruction for Head and Neck Cancer. Laryngoscope. 2011;12:1668–74. [Citado el 24/6/2020]
23. Adelstein DJ, Ridge JA, Brizel DM, Holsinger FC, Haughey BH, O’Sullivan B, et al. Transoral resection of pharyngeal cancer: Summary of a National Cancer Institute Head and Neck Cancer Steering Committee Clinical Trials Planning Meeting, November 6-7, 2011, Arlington, Virginia. Head Neck. 2012;34(12):1681–703. [Citado el 24/6/2020]
24. López F, Llorente JL, Álvarez-Marcos C, Morato M, Suárez C, Rodrigo JP. Resultados del tratamiento de los carcinomas epidermoides orofaríngeos mediante cirugía transoral. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2015;66(2):74–82. [Citado el 23/6/2020]
25. Fossum CC, Chintakuntlawar A V, Price L, Garcia JJ. Characterization of the Oropharynx: Anatomy, Histology, Immunology, Squamous Cell Carcinoma & Surgical Resection. Histopathology. 2016;70(7):1021–9. [Citado el 22/6/2020]
26. Seikaly H, Rieger J, Zalmanowitz J, Tang JL, Alkahtani K, Ansari K, et al. Functional soft palate reconstruction: a comprehensive surgical approach. Head Neck. 2008;1615–23. [Citado el 24/6/2020]
27. Bianchi B, Ferri A, Ferrari S, Copelli C. Myomucosal cheek flaps: applications in intraoral reconstruction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108(3):353–9. [Citado el 26/6/2020]
28. Zabaleta-López M, Ramos-Casademont L, Díaz de Cerio-Canduela P, Ibáñez-Muñoz C, Lacosta-Nicolás JL, Carreras-Alcaraz A. Anatomía quirúrgica en el carcinoma de paladar blando. Revisión bibliográfica. Revista ORL. Disponible en: https://revistas.usal.es/cinco/index.php/2444-7986/article/view/23103. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/orl.23103. [Citado el 30/6/2020]
29. Moubayed SP, Osorio M, Buchbinder D, Lazarus C, Urken ML. Soft palate reconstruction using a combination of a turn-in flap and a radial forearm flap. Laryngoscope. 2017;127(8):1772–4. [Citado el 24/6/2020]
30. Karle WE, Anand SM, Clain JB, Scherl S, Urken ML. Total Soft Palate Reconstruction Using the Palatal Island and Lateral Pharyngeal Wall Flaps. Laryngoscope. 2013:929–33. [Citado el 25/6/2020]
2. Chow LQM. Head and Neck Cancer. Longo DL, editor. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 2;382(1):60–72. Disponible en: http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1715715 [Citado el 23/6/2020]
3. Jouhi L, Atula T, Mäkitie A, Keski-Säntti H. Management of clinically N0 neck in oropharyngeal carcinoma. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2019 7;276(4):1205–10. Disponible en: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00405-019-05314-x [Citado el 24/6/2020]
4. Douglas WG, Rigual NR, Giese W, Bauer J, Wiseman SM, Loree TR, et al. Advanced soft palate cancer: The clinical importance of the parapharyngeal space. Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2005;133(1):66–9. [Citado el 21/6/2020]
5. Chen AY, Zhu J, Fedewa S. Temporal Trends in Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment and Survival?: 1998 – 2009. Laryngoscope. 2014;124:131–8. [Citado el 22/6/2020]
6. Ángel J, García G, Pollán C, Virós D, Miguel C, Estomba C, et al. Reconstrucción de defectos orofaríngeos tras cirugía transoral robótica . Revisión y recomendaciones de la Comisión de Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello de la Sociedad Española de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello. 2018;1–10. [Citado el 22/6/2020]
7. Jethwa AR, Khariwala SS. Tobacco-related carcinogenesis in head and neck cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2017 12;36(3):411–23. Disponible en: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10555-017-9689-6 [Citado el 23/6/2020]
8. Frandsen VL, Grønhøj Larsen C, von Buchwald C. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinomas of the soft palate: Table 1. J Clin Pathol. 2015; 68(11):942–3. Disponible en: http://jcp.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203081 [Citado el 25/6/2020]
9. Rodrigo JP, Heideman DAM, García-Pedrero JM, Fresno MF, Brakenhoff RH, Díaz Molina JP, et al. Time trends in the prevalence of HPV in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in northern Spain (1990-2009). Int J Cancer. 2014;134(2):487–92. [Citado el 23/6/2020]
10. Rapp CT, Chera BS, Morris CG, Amdur RJ, Kirwan JM, Mendenhall WM. Radiation treatment of soft palate squamous cell carcinoma. Vol. 42, Head & Neck. 2020. p. 530–8. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hed.26035 [Citado el 24/6/2020]
11. Schernberg A, Canova C, Blanchard P, Gorphe P, Breuskin I, Mirghani H, et al. Prognostic factors in patients with soft palate squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck. 2019 12;41(5):1441–9. Disponible en: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hed.25598 [Citado el 23/6/2020]
12. Basterra Alegría J. Carcinomas de la faringe. Ponencia oficial del LVIII Congreso Nacional de la Sociedad de Otorrinolaringología y Patología Cervicofacial. 2007. [Citado el 25/6/2020]
13. Chan CK, Han AY, Alonso JE, Xu MJ, Mallen-St Clair J, Heaton CM, et al. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Soft Palate in the United States: A Population-Based Study. Otolaryngol Neck Surg. 2018 8;159(4):662–8. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599818771931[Citado el 23/6/2020]
14. Piazza C, Del Bon F, Paderno A, Grazioli P, Perotti P, Barbieri D, et al. The diagnostic value of narrow band imaging in different oral and oropharyngeal subsites. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngology. 2016 15;273(10):3347–53. Disponible en: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00405-016-3925-5 [Citado el 23/6/2020]
15. Mehanna H, Evans M, Beasley M, Chatterjee S, Dilkes M, Homer J, et al. Oropharyngeal cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016;130(S2):S90–6. [Citado el 24/6/2020]
16. Lewis-Jones H, Colley S, Gibson D. Imaging in head and neck cancer: United Kingdom National Multidisciplinary Guidelines. J Laryngol Otol. 2016;130(S2):S28–31. [Citado el 22/6/2020]
17. Kato H, Kanematsu M, Makita H, Kato K, Hatakeyama D, Shibata T, et al. CT and MR imaging findings of palatal tumors. Eur J Radiol. 2014;83(3):e137–46. Disponible en: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0720048X13006426 [Citado el 25/6/2020]
18. Osborne RF, Brown JJ. Carcinoma of the oral pharynx: an analysis of subsite treatment heterogeneity. Surg Oncol Clin N Am. 2004;13(1):71–80. Disponible en: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1055320703001170 [Citado el 25/6/2020]
19. Beitler JJ, Quon H, Jones CU, Salama JK, Busse PM, Cooper JS, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria ® Locoregional therapy for resectable oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Head Neck. 2016;38(9):1299–309. [Citado el 24/6/2020]
20. Head and neck cancers. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN Guidelines Version 2.2020. Head and Neck Cancers. 2020. [Citado el 27/6/2020]
21. Shah S, Goldenberg D. Robotic surgery for oropharyngeal cancer. Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2014;5(2):e0014. [Citado el 25/6/2020]
22. Genden EM, Kotz T, Tong CCL, Smith C, Sikora AG, Teng MS, et al. Transoral Robotic Resection and Reconstruction for Head and Neck Cancer. Laryngoscope. 2011;12:1668–74. [Citado el 24/6/2020]
23. Adelstein DJ, Ridge JA, Brizel DM, Holsinger FC, Haughey BH, O’Sullivan B, et al. Transoral resection of pharyngeal cancer: Summary of a National Cancer Institute Head and Neck Cancer Steering Committee Clinical Trials Planning Meeting, November 6-7, 2011, Arlington, Virginia. Head Neck. 2012;34(12):1681–703. [Citado el 24/6/2020]
24. López F, Llorente JL, Álvarez-Marcos C, Morato M, Suárez C, Rodrigo JP. Resultados del tratamiento de los carcinomas epidermoides orofaríngeos mediante cirugía transoral. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2015;66(2):74–82. [Citado el 23/6/2020]
25. Fossum CC, Chintakuntlawar A V, Price L, Garcia JJ. Characterization of the Oropharynx: Anatomy, Histology, Immunology, Squamous Cell Carcinoma & Surgical Resection. Histopathology. 2016;70(7):1021–9. [Citado el 22/6/2020]
26. Seikaly H, Rieger J, Zalmanowitz J, Tang JL, Alkahtani K, Ansari K, et al. Functional soft palate reconstruction: a comprehensive surgical approach. Head Neck. 2008;1615–23. [Citado el 24/6/2020]
27. Bianchi B, Ferri A, Ferrari S, Copelli C. Myomucosal cheek flaps: applications in intraoral reconstruction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2009;108(3):353–9. [Citado el 26/6/2020]
28. Zabaleta-López M, Ramos-Casademont L, Díaz de Cerio-Canduela P, Ibáñez-Muñoz C, Lacosta-Nicolás JL, Carreras-Alcaraz A. Anatomía quirúrgica en el carcinoma de paladar blando. Revisión bibliográfica. Revista ORL. Disponible en: https://revistas.usal.es/cinco/index.php/2444-7986/article/view/23103. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14201/orl.23103. [Citado el 30/6/2020]
29. Moubayed SP, Osorio M, Buchbinder D, Lazarus C, Urken ML. Soft palate reconstruction using a combination of a turn-in flap and a radial forearm flap. Laryngoscope. 2017;127(8):1772–4. [Citado el 24/6/2020]
30. Karle WE, Anand SM, Clain JB, Scherl S, Urken ML. Total Soft Palate Reconstruction Using the Palatal Island and Lateral Pharyngeal Wall Flaps. Laryngoscope. 2013:929–33. [Citado el 25/6/2020]
Zabaleta-López, M., Ramos-Casademont, L., Gómez-Tomé, E., Diaz De Cerio Canduela, P., Ibáñez-Muñoz, C., & Martínez-Torre, M. I. (2020). Carcinoma de paladar blando. Descripción de una serie de casos. Revista ORL, 11(4), 473–480. https://doi.org/10.14201/orl.23565
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