Medical treatment of hyperthyroidism
Abstract Hyperthyroidism is a rather common disease that affects 0.2% of general population in Europe. There are many causes as well as various pathogenic mechanisms inducing a hypersecretion of thyroid hormones. Therefore, treatments are selected for each cause to obtain the highest therapeutic benefit. Is this chapter we consider the treatment of common causes such as Graves-disease, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma and other more infrequent entities such as several subtypes of thyroiditis and, finally, we briefly comment on rare cases of thyroid hyperfunction.
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Alexander EK, Pearce EN, Brent GA, Brown RS, Chen H, Dosiou C, Grobman WA, Laurberg P, Lazarus JH, Mandel SJ, Peeters RP, Sullivan S. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid 2017; 27: 315-389.
Azizi F, Takyar M, Madreseh E, Amouzegar A. Treatment of toxic multinodular goiter: comparison of radioiodine and long-term methimazole treatment. Thyroid 2019; 29: 625-630.
Beck-Peccoz P, Giavoli C, Lania A, A 2019 update on TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol Invest. 2019; Junio 7.
Beck-Peccoz P, Lania A, Beckers A, Chatterjee K, Wemeau JL. 2013 European thyroid association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors. Eur Thyroid J. 2013; 2: 76-82.
Biondi B, Cooper DS: Subclinical hyperthyroidism New Engl J Med 2018; 378: 2411-2419.
Burch HB, Cooper DS. Antithyroid drug therapy: 70 years later. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179: R261-274.
Cooper DS, Laurberg P. Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013;1: 238-249.
Dardik RB, Dardik M, Wesrtra W, Montz FJ. Malignant struma ovarii: two cases and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol. 1999; 73: 447-451.
De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE. Hyperthyroidism. Lancet 2016; 388: 906-918.
Dhillon KS, Cohan P, Kelly DF, Darwin CH, Iyer KV, Chopra IJ. Treatment of hyperthyroidism associated with thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas with iopanoic acid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89: 708-711.
Eskes SA, Endert E, Fliers E, Geskus RB, Dullaart RP, Links TP. Treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis type 2: a randomizad clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 907: 599-506
Garmendia-Madariaga A, Santos Palacios S, Guillén, Galofré JC. The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Europe: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99: 923-931
Ide A, Amino N, Kudo T, Yoshioka W, Hisakado M, Nishihara D, Ito M, Fukata S, Nakamura H, Miyauchi A. Comparative frequency of four different types of pregnancy-associated thyrotoxicosis in a single thyroid centre. Thyroid Res. 2017; 10:2-6.
Nagai K, Yoshida H, Katayama K, Ishidera Y, Oi Y, Ando N, Shigeta H. Hyperthyroidism due to struma ovarii: diagnostic pitfalls and preventing thyroid storm. Ginecol Min Invasive Ther. 2017; 6: 28-30.
Okosieme OE, Taylor PN, Evans C, Thayer D, Chai A, Khan I, Draman MS, Tennant B, Geen J, Sayers A, French R, Lazarus JH, Premawardhana LD, Dayan CM. Primary therapy of Graves’ disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; a linked -record cohort study. Lancet Diabet Endocrinol. 2019; 7:278-287.
Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurberg P, Maia AL, Rivkees SA, Samuels M, Sosa JA, Stan MN, Walter MA. 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for diagnosis and management oh hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1343- 1421.
Struja T, Fehlberg H, Kutz A, Guebelin L, Degen C, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Can we predict relapse in Graves’ disease? Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017; 176: 87-97.
Vaidya B, Pearce SHS. Diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis. Brit Med J. 2014; 349: g5128
Vos XG, Endert E, Zwinderman AH, Tijssen JGP, Wiersinga WM. Predicting the risk of recurrence before the start of antithyroid drug therapy in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101:1381-1389.
Willington L, Webster J, Hancock BW, Evered J, Coleman RE. Hyperthyroidism and human chorionic gonadotrophin production in gestational trophoblastic disease. Brit J Cancer 2011; 104: 1665-1669.
Yoo SC, Chang KH, Lyu MO, Chang SJ, Ryu HS, Kim HS. Clinical characteristics of struma ovarii. J Gynecol Oncol. 2008; 19: 135-138.
Azizi F, Takyar M, Madreseh E, Amouzegar A. Treatment of toxic multinodular goiter: comparison of radioiodine and long-term methimazole treatment. Thyroid 2019; 29: 625-630.
Beck-Peccoz P, Giavoli C, Lania A, A 2019 update on TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas. J Endocrinol Invest. 2019; Junio 7.
Beck-Peccoz P, Lania A, Beckers A, Chatterjee K, Wemeau JL. 2013 European thyroid association guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of thyrotropin-secreting pituitary tumors. Eur Thyroid J. 2013; 2: 76-82.
Biondi B, Cooper DS: Subclinical hyperthyroidism New Engl J Med 2018; 378: 2411-2419.
Burch HB, Cooper DS. Antithyroid drug therapy: 70 years later. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 179: R261-274.
Cooper DS, Laurberg P. Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013;1: 238-249.
Dardik RB, Dardik M, Wesrtra W, Montz FJ. Malignant struma ovarii: two cases and review of the literature. Gynecol Oncol. 1999; 73: 447-451.
De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE. Hyperthyroidism. Lancet 2016; 388: 906-918.
Dhillon KS, Cohan P, Kelly DF, Darwin CH, Iyer KV, Chopra IJ. Treatment of hyperthyroidism associated with thyrotropin-secreting pituitary adenomas with iopanoic acid. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004; 89: 708-711.
Eskes SA, Endert E, Fliers E, Geskus RB, Dullaart RP, Links TP. Treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis type 2: a randomizad clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013; 907: 599-506
Garmendia-Madariaga A, Santos Palacios S, Guillén, Galofré JC. The incidence and prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Europe: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014;99: 923-931
Ide A, Amino N, Kudo T, Yoshioka W, Hisakado M, Nishihara D, Ito M, Fukata S, Nakamura H, Miyauchi A. Comparative frequency of four different types of pregnancy-associated thyrotoxicosis in a single thyroid centre. Thyroid Res. 2017; 10:2-6.
Nagai K, Yoshida H, Katayama K, Ishidera Y, Oi Y, Ando N, Shigeta H. Hyperthyroidism due to struma ovarii: diagnostic pitfalls and preventing thyroid storm. Ginecol Min Invasive Ther. 2017; 6: 28-30.
Okosieme OE, Taylor PN, Evans C, Thayer D, Chai A, Khan I, Draman MS, Tennant B, Geen J, Sayers A, French R, Lazarus JH, Premawardhana LD, Dayan CM. Primary therapy of Graves’ disease and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality; a linked -record cohort study. Lancet Diabet Endocrinol. 2019; 7:278-287.
Ross DS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, Greenlee MC, Laurberg P, Maia AL, Rivkees SA, Samuels M, Sosa JA, Stan MN, Walter MA. 2016 American Thyroid Association Guidelines for diagnosis and management oh hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1343- 1421.
Struja T, Fehlberg H, Kutz A, Guebelin L, Degen C, Mueller B, Schuetz P. Can we predict relapse in Graves’ disease? Results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017; 176: 87-97.
Vaidya B, Pearce SHS. Diagnosis and management of thyrotoxicosis. Brit Med J. 2014; 349: g5128
Vos XG, Endert E, Zwinderman AH, Tijssen JGP, Wiersinga WM. Predicting the risk of recurrence before the start of antithyroid drug therapy in patients with Graves’ hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016; 101:1381-1389.
Willington L, Webster J, Hancock BW, Evered J, Coleman RE. Hyperthyroidism and human chorionic gonadotrophin production in gestational trophoblastic disease. Brit J Cancer 2011; 104: 1665-1669.
Yoo SC, Chang KH, Lyu MO, Chang SJ, Ryu HS, Kim HS. Clinical characteristics of struma ovarii. J Gynecol Oncol. 2008; 19: 135-138.
Corrales-Hernández, J. J., Sánchez-Marcos, A. I., Recio-Córdova, J. M., Iglesias-López, R. A., & Mories Alvárez, M. T. (2019). Medical treatment of hyperthyroidism. Revista ORL, 11(3), 273–281. https://doi.org/10.14201/orl.20957
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