Cirugía radioguiada de paratiroides
Resumen El hiperparatiroidismo primario es la principal causa de hipercalcemia en pacientes no hospitalizados, estando causado en el 85-90% de los casos por un adenoma solitario. La cirugía radioguiada (CRG) es una técnica quirúrgica mínimamente invasiva que emplea medicamentos radiofármacos para facilitar la localización y extirpación de lesiones benignas o malignas. La cirugía radioguiada de paratiroides (CRGP), como técnica GOSTT (Guided intraOperative Scintigraphic Tumor Targeting) y mínimamente invasiva, precisa de una prueba de diagnóstico por la imagen que permita localizar anatómicamente la lesión y establecer su comportamiento funcional. El MIBI-99mTc es el trazador de elección, debiendo siempre incluir estudios tomográficos, especialmente la SPECT-CT. Se emplea durante la CRGP junto con sondas intraoperatorias, gammacámaras y dispositivos SPECT portátiles, herramientas de navegación y sistemas robóticos laparoscópicos. La CRGP disminuye el tiempo quirúrgico, los costes hospitalarios y la morbilidad sobre el paciente, con una elevada efectividad y eficiencia.
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9. Brunaud L, Li Z, Van Den Heede K, Cuny T, Van Slycke S. Endoscopic and robotic parathyroidectomy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. Gland Surg. 2016 Jun; 5(3): 352–360.
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18. Bluemel C, Matthies P, Herrmann K, Povoski SP. 3D scintigraphic imaging and navigation in radioguided surgery: freehand SPECT technology and its clinical applications. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2016;13(4):339-51.
19. Meershoek P, van Oosterom MN, Simon H, Mengus L, Maurer T, van Leeuwen PJ, Wit EMK, van der Poel HG, van Leeuwen FWB. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery using DROP-IN radioguidance: first-in-human translation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019 Jan;46(1):49-53.
20. Van Oosterom MN, Rietbergen DDD, Welling MM, Van Der Poel HG, Maurer T, Van Leeuwen FWB. Recent advances in nuclear and hybrid detection modalities for image-guided surgery. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2019 Aug;16(8):711-734.
21. Harris CC, Bigelow RR, Francis JE, Kelly GG, Bell PR. A Csl(Tl)-crystal surgical scintillation probe, Nucleonics 14 (1956) 102-108.
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2. Udelsman R, Akerstrom G, Biagini C, Duh QY, Miccloi P, Niederle B, et al. The surgical management of asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism: proceedings of the fourth international workshop. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 99:3395–606.
3. Pieterman CR, Schreinemakers JM, Koppeschaar HP et al. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1): its manifestations and effect of genetic screening on clinical outcome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).2009;70(4):575–81.
4. Wells Jr SA, Asa SL, Dralle H, et al. Revised American thyroid association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015;25(6):567–610.
5. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) CKD-MBD Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl. 2009;(113): S1–130. doi:10.1038/ki.2009.188.
6. Fraser WD. Hyperparathyroidism. Lancet. 2009;374(9684):145–58.
7. Wilhelm SM, Wang TS, Ruan DT, Lee JA, Asa SL, Duh QY, Doherty GM, Herrera MF, Pasieka JL, Perrier ND, Silverberg SJ, Solórzano CC, Sturgeon C, Tublin ME, Udelsman R, Carty SE. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for Definitive Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism. JAMA Surg. 2016 Oct 1;151(10):959-968.
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10. Arora A, Garas G, Tolley N. Robotic Parathyroid Surgery: Current Perspectives and Future Considerations. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2018;80(3-4):195-203.
11. Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar Social. Programas Formativos de Especialidades en Ciencias de la Salud. Medicina Nuclear. Programa elaborado por la Comisión Nacional de la Especialidad y aprobado por la Secretaría de Estado de Universidades e Investigación del Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia por Resolución de fecha 25 de abril de 1996. Disponible en: https://www.mscbs.gob.es/profesionales/formacion /guiaFormacion.htm
12. Valdés Olmos RA, Vidal-Sicart S, Giammarile F, Zaknun JJ, Van Leeuwen FW, Mariani G. The GOSTT concept and hybrid mixed/virtual/augmented reality environment radioguided surgery. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014 Jun;58(2):207-15.
13. Valde?s Olmos RA, Vidal-Sicart S, Manca G, Mariani G, Leo?n-Rami?rez LF, Rubello D, et al. Advances in radioguided surgery in oncology. Q J Nucl Med Mol imaging 2017; 61:247-70.
14. De Cicco C, Chinol M, Paganelli G. Intraoperative localization of the sentinel node in breast cancer: technical aspects of lymphoscintigraphic methods. Semin Surg Oncol. 1998 Dec;15(4):268-71.
15. Spanu A, Dettori G, Chessa F, Porcu A, Cottu P, Solinas P, Falchi A, Solinas ME, Scanu AM, Nuvoli S, Madeddu G. 99mTc-Tetrofosmin pinhole-SPECT (P-SPECT) and radioguided sentinel node (SN) biopsy and in breast cancer axillary lymph node staging. Cancer Biother Radiopharm. 2001 Dec;16(6):501-13.
16. Valdés Olmos RA, Rietbergen DD, Vidal-Sicart S, Manca G, Giammarile F, Mariani G Contribution of SPECT/CT imaging to radioguided sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer, melanoma, and other solid cancers: from "open and see" to "see and open". Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2014 Jun;58(2):127-39.
17. Tiourina T, Arends B, Huysmans D, Rutten H, Lemaire B, Muller S. Evaluation of surgical gamma probes for radioguided sentinel node localisation. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998 Sep;25(9):1224-31.
18. Bluemel C, Matthies P, Herrmann K, Povoski SP. 3D scintigraphic imaging and navigation in radioguided surgery: freehand SPECT technology and its clinical applications. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2016;13(4):339-51.
19. Meershoek P, van Oosterom MN, Simon H, Mengus L, Maurer T, van Leeuwen PJ, Wit EMK, van der Poel HG, van Leeuwen FWB. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery using DROP-IN radioguidance: first-in-human translation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019 Jan;46(1):49-53.
20. Van Oosterom MN, Rietbergen DDD, Welling MM, Van Der Poel HG, Maurer T, Van Leeuwen FWB. Recent advances in nuclear and hybrid detection modalities for image-guided surgery. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2019 Aug;16(8):711-734.
21. Harris CC, Bigelow RR, Francis JE, Kelly GG, Bell PR. A Csl(Tl)-crystal surgical scintillation probe, Nucleonics 14 (1956) 102-108.
22. Sánchez Sánchez R, González Jiménez AD, Rebollo Aguirre AC, Mendoza Arnau I, Menjón Beltrán S, Vergara Alcaide ME, Osorio Ceballos JL, Llamas Elvira JM. 125I radioactive seed localization for non-palpable lesions in breast cancer. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2019 Jun 24. pii: S2253-654X(19)30010-1.
23. Perissinotti A, Rietbergen DD, Vidal-Sicart S, Riera AA, Olmos RAV. Melanoma & nuclear medicine: new insights & advances. Melanoma Manag. 2018 Jun 28;5(1):MMT06.
24. Giammarile F, Schilling C, Gnanasegaran G et al. The EANM practical guidelines for sentinel lymph node localisation in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019 Mar;46(3):623-637.
25. Kessous R, How J, Abitbol J, Puzhakkal S, Kogan L, Yasmeen A, Salvador S, Gotlieb WH and Lau S. Triple tracer (blue dye, indocyanine green, and Tc99) compared to double tracer (indocyanine green and Tc99) for sentinel lymph node detection in endometrial cancer: a prospective study with random assignment International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 2019;29:1121-1125.
26. Maurer T, Robu S, Schottelius M, Schwamborn K, Rauscher I, van den Berg NS, van Leeuwen FWB, Haller B, Horn T, Heck MM, Gschwend JE, Schwaiger M, Wester HJ, Eiber M. 99mTechnetium-based Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-radioguided Surgery in Recurrent Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2019 Apr;75(4):659-666.
27. Ankersmit M, Hoekstra OS, van Lingen A, Bloemena E, Jacobs MAJM, Vugts DJ, Bonjer HJ, van Dongen GAMS, Meijerink WJHJ. Perioperative PET/CT lymphoscintigraphy and fluorescent real-time imaging for sentinel lymph node mapping in early staged colon cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2019 Jul;46(7):1495-1505.
28. El Lakis M, Gianakou A, Nockel P, Wiseman D, Tirosh A, Quezado MA, Patel D, Nilubol N, Pacak K, Sadowski SM, Kebebew E. Radioguided Surgery With Gallium 68 Dotatate for Patients With Neuroendocrine Tumors. JAMA Surg. 2019 Jan 1;154(1):40-45.
29. Suárez JP, Domínguez ML, de Santos FJ, González JM, Fernández N, Enciso FJ. Radioguided surgery in primary hyperparathyroidism: Results and correlation with intraoperative histopathologic diagnosis. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2018 Mar - Apr;69(2):86-94.
30. Vidal-Sicart S, Fuertes Cabero S, Danús Lainez M, Valdés Olmos R, Paredes Barranco P, Rayo Madrid JI, Rioja Martín ME, Díaz Expósito R, Goñi Gironés E. Update on radioguided surgery: from international consensus on sentinel node in head and neck cancer to the advances on gynaecological tumors and localization of non-palpable lesions. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol. 2019 May - Jun;38(3):173-182.
31. Greenspan BS, Dillehay G, Intenzo C, Lavely WC, O’Doherty M, Palestro CJ, Scheve W, Stabin MG, Sylvestros D, Tulchinsky M. SNM practice guideline for parathyroid scintigraphy 4.0. J Nucl Med Technol. 2012;40(2):111–8.
32. Raghavan P, Durst CR, Ornan DA, Mukherjee S, Wintermark M, Patrie JT, et al. Dynamic CT for parathyroid disease: are multiple phases necessary? Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35(10):1959–64.
33. Yousem DM. Parathyroid and thyroid imaging. Neuroimag Clin N Am. 1996; 6:435-42.
34. Gimlette TM, Taylor WH. Localization of enlarged parathyroid glands by thallium-201 y technetium 99m subtraction imaging. Gland mass and parathormone levels in primary hyperparathyroidism. Clin Nucl Med. 1985; 10: 235-9.
35. O’Doherty MJ, Kettle AG, Wells P, Collins REC, Coakley AJ. Parathyroid imaging with Technetium-99m- sestamibi: preoperative localization and tissue uptake studies. J Nucl Med. 1992;33(3):313–8.
36. Greenspan BS, Dillehay G, Intenzo C, Lavely WC, O’Doherty M, Palestro CJ, Scheve W, Stabin MG, Sylvestros D, Tulchinsky M. SNM practice guideline for parathyroid scintigraphy 4.0. J Nucl Med Technol. 2012;40(2):111–8.
37. Neumann DR, Obuchowski NA, DiFilippo FP. Preoperative 123I/99mTc-sestabimi subtraction SPECT and SPECT/CT in primary hyperparathyroidism. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(12):2012–7.
38. Wong KK, Fig LM, Gross MD, Dwamena BA. Parathyroid adenoma localization with 99mTc sestamibi SPECT/CT: a meta-analysis. Nucl Med Commun. 2015;36(4):363–75.
39. Mandal R, Muthukrishnan A, Ferris RL, de Almeida JR, Duvvuri U. Accuracy of early-phase versus dual phase single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography in the localization of parathyroid disease. Laryngoscope. 2015;125(6):1496–501.
40. Martinez DA, King DR, Romshe C, Lozano RA. Intraoperative identification of parathyroid gland pathology: a new approach. J Pediatr Surg. 1995;30(9):1306-9.
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Rayo-Madrid, J. I., Martínez-Esteve, A., Infante De La Torre, J. R., Jiménez-Granero, P., Cobo-Rodriguez, A., & Serrano-Vicente, J. (2019). Cirugía radioguiada de paratiroides. Revista ORL, 11(3), 369–382. https://doi.org/10.14201/orl.21693
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